![]() The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished, particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially France and Belgium), and Japan. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comic albums, and tankōbon have become increasingly common, while online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century. Common forms include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Cartooning and other forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics fumetti is a form that uses photographic images. ![]() There is no consensus amongst theorists and historians on a definition of comics some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. It typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images. Comics is a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information.
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